Kiersten Caine
Activity 2: Atom and Atomic Structure
For this activity review the Content Slides (Atoms and Atomic Structure) and complete the activities/questions below.
Make a model of your three favorite elements on the Periodic Chart. The models must be 3-dimensional and be made out of common objects around your home. Place photos of your three models with descriptions on your blog. Your models must include the appropriate number and positioning of protons, neutrons and electrons.
<------ Hydrogen 
<------ Potassium
<-----Lithium
1. What is the atomic number for each of your
models?
a. Hydrogen =1
b. Potassium= 19
c. Lithium = 3
2. What is the atomic mass number for each of
your models?
a. Hydrogen =1.00794 amu
b. Potassium =39.0983 amu
c. Lithium =6.941 amu
3. In your models, which two subatomic
particles are equal in number?
a. Hydrogen 1 proton 1 electron
b. Potassium 19 protons 19 electrons
c. Lithium 3 protons 3 electrons
4. How would you make an isotope for one of
your models? What would change with the model?
a. By adding 2 neutrons hydrogen becomes
tritium, which is an unstable isotope of hydrogen. This is a radioactive form
of hydrogen. This would change the model by two more neutrons being added into
the nucleus. Now the number of neutrons in the nucleus differ.
5. Considering the overall volume of your
element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom?
a. Empty space makes up the volume of an
atom.
6. For one of your models, show with another
image what happens when energy excites an electron.
<----Before the energy excited the electron.
<-----After the energy excited the electron
a. When an electrons jumps from the lowest
level to a higher level the atom says to be at an excites state.
2. Once the electron is excited, what do we
typically observe when the electron returns to the ground-state?
a. We observe that once the electron is
excited emits a quantum of energy at the electron jumps back down to the lower
level and reaches the ground state.
3. Why are some elements different colors
when they are excited? Hint: when electrons are excited (by something like heat
from an explosive) they move up to another orbital and when they fall back they
release the energy in the form of light.
a. When electrons are excited it sets off a
different amount of energy which sets off a different color. They are more
unstable when they are on the highest level rather than the lowest level.
Sodium salts gives off yellow flam, potassium salts a fleeting lavender flame,
and lithium salts a brilliant red flame. The flame colors are a result of the
electrons structures of atoms of the specific element.
4. With the Fourth of July coming up quickly,
explain how the colors of fireworks arise.
a. Different elements combined put together are
attributable to specific elements. Strontium compound produces red, copper
compounds produces blue, and sodium compounds produce yellow. But he colors of
fireworks and flame tests are not what they seem to the unaided eye. It is because
of the light from the flame is passed through a prism; it is separated into
light of several different colors.
5. Explain the overall organizational
structure of the periodic table.
a. The overall organizational structure of
the periodic table is constricted in the increasing atomic number. Another ways
is in group’s metals, non-metals, and noble gases. One other way is by the
masses. That has to do with the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons. It increases
in size and mass.
6. List two example elements for each of
these groups or classes: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth, Halogens, Noble Gases,
Transition Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids.
a. Alkali Metals- Lithium (Li), and sodium (Na)
b. Alkaline Earth- Beryllium
(Be), Magnesium (Mg)
c. Halogens- Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br)
d. Noble Gases- Helium (He), Neon (Ne)
e. Transition Metals- Vanadium (v), Iron (Fe)
f. Non-Metals- Boron (B), Oxygen (O)
g. Metalloids- Polonium (Po), Arsenic(As)
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